CONTENTS
Introduction
§1. Outline of the Beginning, Manner of Proceeding, and Approach of the Lecture Course
3a) Concerning the Nature of Our Beginning. Commencement and Beginning
4b) Concerning Our Manner of Proceeding in General. Poetizing and Thinking
5c) Concerning Our Particular Approach. The Poetic Dasein of the Poet
Part One
“Germania”
Chapter One
Preparatory Reflection: Poetry and Language
§2. Provisional Path of Approach to the Poem as a Piece of Text
17a) The Overarching Resonance of the Telling as Origin for the Choice and Positioning of Words
18b) ‘Content and Form’ of the Poem, ‘Depiction in Images’
19c) Hölderlin’s ‘Worldview’
§ 3 Entering the Domain in Which Poetry Unfolds Its Power
22a) The Prevailing of Poetry in the Dasein of the Peoples
23b) Working Our Way through the Poem as a Struggle with Ourselves
24c) Two Textual Questions
§ 4 Concerning the Essence of Poetry
26a) The Commonplace Conception of Poetry as an Outward Manifestation of Lived Experiences
28b) The Provenance of the Word Dichten, to ‘Poetize’
29c) Poetizing as Telling in the Manner of a Making Manifest That Points
30d) Poetizing as Receiving the Beckonings of the Gods and Passing Them on to the People
32e) Everyday Appearance and the Being of Poetry
33f) Poetry Not as Merit, but Exposure to Beyng
40g) Poetic and Thoughtful Telling
§ 5 The Question Concerning the ‘We’ in the Turbulence of the Dialogue
41a) The ‘I’ in Refusal of the Gods of Old
42b) The ‘We,’ the Man, and the Eagle. The Speaking of Language
45c) The Beginnings of the Strophes
46d) The Relation of Today’s Human Being to the Greeks and Their Gods
47e) The Question ‘Who Are We?’
§ 6 Determining the ‘We’ from out of the Horizon of the Question of Time
47a) The Calculable Time of the Individual and the Originary Time of the Peoples
49b) The Historical Time of the Peoples as the Time of the Creators
51c) A Textual Question: Different Versions of “Patmos”
52d) Two Concepts of Eternity
53e) The Time That Is Essentially Long
53f) The Creators’ Knowing When It Is Not the Time for the True to Come to Pass
54g) The Distinction between the Question What We Are and the Question Who We Are
55h) Partaking in the Poetry
§ 7 The Linguistic Character of Poetry
56a) Language as the Most Dangerous of Goods
58b) The Decline of Language. The Essence and Corrupted Essence of Language
60c) Language and the Human Being’s Fundamental Orientations toward Beings as a Whole
61d) Language as the Human Being’s Protection against the God
61e) Poetizing and Language as Configuring the Ground of Historical Dasein
62f) The Being of the Human Being as Dialogue. Being Able to Hear and Speaking
66g) Being Exposed to Beings, the Individual and the Community
67h) Summary
68i) The Absence of Language in the Animal and in ‘Nature’
69j) Poetizing and Language in Their Originary Belonging to the History of the Human Being
Chapter Two
The Fundamental Attunement of Poetizing
and the Historicality
of Dasein
§ 8 Unfolding the Fundamental Attunement
71a) The Provenance of Poetic Telling from out of the Fundamental Attunement
74b) Renouncing Calling the Gods of Old as Sustaining a Conflict. The Fundamental Attunement of Mourning and Its Three Aspects
76c) The Fundamental Attunement and the Holy. A Threefold Sheer Disinterestedness
79d) A Holy Mourning ‘with’ the Homeland as the Power of the Earth
80e) The Transposition of the Human Being Together with Beings into Attunement
81f) The Fundamental Attunement as a Mourning with the Rivers of the Earth of the Homeland
84g) The Opening Power of the Fundamental Attunement. Preserving the Divinity of the Old Gods While Mournfully Renouncing Them
88h) The Essentially Lawful Sequence of Decline Belonging to a Historical Dasein within the Need of the Absence of the Gods
90i) The Enduring of Abandonment by Those Who Doubt
94j) The Completion of the Prevailing Fundamental Attunement into Its Full Essence: The Distress of Holy Mourning as Readiness
§ 9 Historical Time and Fundamental Attunement
95a) The Experience of the Earth of the Homeland in the Lucidity of a Questioning Knowing Concerning the Historical Mission of a People
96b) Provenance of the Pivotal Times of the Peoples from out of the Abyss
98c) Primordial Movedness of Fundamental Attunement. Having-Been and Past
99d) Temporalizing of Originary Time as the Fundamental Occurrence of the Fundamental Attunement
100e) The Decision in Favor of the Authentic Time of Poetizing as a Decision to Enter into the Fundamental Attunement
§ 10 The Locale of Dasein Founded in “Germania” within the Horizon of the Heraclitean Thought
103a) The Poetic Telling of the Fundamental Attunement from a Standing within and Sustaining of Essential Conflicts
103α) The Nexus of Occurrence of the Images and the Attuning Power of the Fundamental Attunement
105β) Fundamental Attunement and “Intimacy.” The Preserving Veiling of the Fundamental Attunement through the Nexus of Images of the Poetizing
108b) The Locale of Dasein Founded in “Germania”
108α) The “Fatherland” as the Historical Beyng of a People
110β) The Decline of the Fatherland as the Emergence of a New Unity of Nature and Humans
111c) On Hölderlin’s Understanding of Being. The Power of the Heraclitean Thought
111α) Hölderlin and Heraclitus
115β) Hölderlin and Hegel
119d) Founding of the Need Pertaining to a New Commencement of Our Historical Dasein within the Metaphysical Need of the Western World
§ 11 Transitional Overview and Summary: Revisiting the Domains Opened Up Thus Far as a Way of Determining More Precisely the Intent of the Lecture Course
123a) The Four Essential Components of the Fundamental Attunement
124b) Fundamental Attunement as Exposure in the Midst of Beings That Are Manifest as a Whole
126c) Fundamental Attunement as Truth of a People. The Three Creative Forces of Historical Dasein
127d) Historical and Historiographical Truth
128e) Awakening the Fundamental Attunement as a Founding of Futural Historical Beyng
129f) The Conflict of Mourning and Joy within the Fundamental Attunement
130g) Entering into the Sphere of the River Poems. Transition from “Germania” to “The Rhine”
Part Two
“The Rhine”
Transitional Remark: The Question Concerning What Is ‘Innermost’ in a Poetic Work as a Question of the Opening Up and Founding of Beyng in the Each Time New Prevailing of Its Fundamental Attunement
Chapter One
The Demigods as Mediating Middle between Gods and
Humans. The Fundamental Attunement of the Poem. The
Beyng of the Demigods and the Calling of the Poet
§ 12 Thinking the Essence of the Demigods in the Founding Projection of the Poet
150a) The Distinction between Humans and Gods Opened Up in the Question Concerning the Essence of the Demigods as Founding a Realm of Beyng in General
151b) The Poet’s Being Compelled to Think the Demigods at the Threshold of the Homeland as a Being Enjoined Back into Historical Dasein
157c) Destiny as the Fundamental Word of the Poem. A Preparatory Discussion of Destiny as the Beyng of the Demigods
165d) The Founding and Grounding of Beyng out of the Fundamental Attunement of Suffering-with the Suffering of the Demigods
§ 13 Strophe I: The Point of Departure for the Telling, and the Composure through Which It Is Experienced. The Apprehending of a Destiny
171a) Dionysos as Witness of Divine and Human Beyng
174b) The Nearness of the Alpine Range as Nearness of the Origin
177§ 14 Strophes II and III: The River Rhine as Destiny. Hearing Its Origin and Assuming Its Vocation
178a) On the Distinction between a Poetic Understanding of Nature and the Scientific Representation of Nature
179b) Strophe II: Hearing the Origin
180α) Customary Ways of Hearing. The Gods’ Hearing with Pity and Mortals’ Not Wanting to Hear
181β) The Poet’s Hearing That Stands Firm (Suffering) as Apprehending the Originary Origin in Its Springing Forth
185c) Strophe III: Origin, Self-Will, Destiny. Assuming One’s Vocation
186α) The Appropriation of Its Authentic Beyng in the Turning of the River’s Direction
188β) The Blindness of the Demigods as Excess of Vocation
191γ) The Demigods’ Lack from out of Abundance
Chapter Two
A More Incisive Review. Poetizing and Historical
Dasein
§ 15 The Task of the Lecture Course: Entering the Domain in Which Poetry Unfolds Its Power, and the Opening Up of Its Actuality
195a) Founding the Essence of Poetizing and Grounding Dasein upon It. Poetizing as the Primordial Language of a People
201b) Hölderlin as the Poet of Future German Beyng
203§ 16 The Fundamental Approach in Which Our Interpretation Moves, Taking “Germania” as Our Point of Departure
203a) The Essence of Fundamental Attunement. The Thinking and Pondering of the Man in “Germania” as Configured in the Poetic Work “The Rhine”
206b) The Thinking of the Demigods
§ 17 The Interpretation in Detail. The River Rhine as Demigod
208a) Strophe I: Reference to Dionysos. The Alps. Strophe II: The River Rhine in Its Origin
209b) Strophe III: The Demigods as the Blindest. The Lack of the Demigods
213c) A Sustaining Suffering of Beyng through the Irruption of a Counter-Will
215§ 18 Interim Reflection on the Metaphysics of Poetizing
Chapter Three
That Which Has Purely Sprung Forth as Strife in the Middle of Beyng
§ 19 Strophe IV: The Enigma of What Has Purely Sprung Forth and the Origin of Poetizing
218a) The Determinative Powers of Origin and Having Sprung Forth and Their Enmity within the Essence of What Has Purely Sprung Forth
219α) Conflict of the Powers of Pure Origin: Birth and Ray of Light
222β) The Counter-Striving of Need and Discipline in Having Sprung Forth. Outline of the Essential Structure of What Has Purely Sprung Forth
225b) “Intimacy” as the Originary Unity of the Powers of What Has Purely Sprung Forth, and as the Mystery of Such Beyng
227c) Poetizing as Founding Beyng in the Grounding Opening Up of Intimacy
234d) River and Poet in Their Original Belonging to the Essence of Beyng. Poetizing as Scarcely Being Allowed to Unveil the Mystery
§ 20 Strophes V to IX: Unfolding the Essence of What Has Purely Sprung Forth in the Conflict between Springing Forth and Having Sprung Forth
235a) Strophe V: The Having Sprung Forth of What Has Purely Sprung Forth. The Coming to Be of the Original Landscape out of the Spirit of the River
237b) Strophe VI: The Harnessing of the Demigods and Creators by the God. The River as Grounder of the Dwellings of Humans
239c) Strophe VII: Inherence of Beyng in the Origin as Condition for Creative Self-Restriction. The Counter-Turning within the Beyng of the Demigods
242d) Strophe VIII: The Blessedness of the Gods as Concealed Ground for the Enmity within the Beyng of the Demigods
247e) Strophe IX: Delimitation as Remaining within the Unharnessed Character of the Origin
§ 21
250a) Strophe X: The Question Concerning the Stranger Who Remains within the Divine Origin
252b) Strophe XI: The Beyng of the Demigods in Its Relation to the Care-freeness of Humans
255c) Strophes XII and XIII: The Bridal Festival of Humans and Gods and the Inevitability of Night
§ 22 Strophe XIV: Retaining the Mystery. The Thinking of the Poet Grounded in the Poetizing of the Thinker
§ 23 Strophe XV: The Poet as the Other
§ 24 The Metaphysical Locale of Hölderlin’s Poetizing
a) The Historical Vocation of Germania
263b) The Opposition in Essence of Greek and German Dasein. The Conflictual Intimacy of What Is Given as Endowment and What Is Allotted as Task
Editor's Epilogue
Translator's Notes
German–English Glossary
English–German Glossary
Hölderlin’s Hymns “Germania” and “The Rhine” (GA 39) [GA App]